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P. R. Kalpana ¹, R. Suma ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Tomato is an important commercial vegetable crop grown throughout the world, is also known to tolerate the calcareous soil conditions. But, phosphorus availability is a major constrain affecting its yield and productivity. Application of sulphur(S) is known to enhance its availability through bio-chemical reactions and desorption process. To ascertain the quantity of P and S required to enhance the productivity of tomato, a field experiment was conducted in calcareous clay loam soil with five levels of P₂O₅ (312.5, 250, 187.5, 125 and 0 kg ha^-1) and four levels of S, applied at the rate of 2.5, 1.5, 0.5 and 0 per cent (w/w) equivalent to active CaCO₃ in soil. Increased rate of P and S application enhanced tomato growth recording highest with P_312.5+ S_2.5 which was on par with P₂₅₀+S_2.5. But, the highest fruit setting rate (69.37%) was obtained with P₂₅₀+S_2.5 resulting in higher number of fruits per cluster (4.94), fruits per plant (41.17), fruit weight (77.60 g), fruit diameter (5.17cm). All these yield parameters were manifested into marketable tomato fruit yield recording maximum of 42.30 t ha^-1 with P₂₅₀+S_2.5. The study established that application of 250 kg ha^-1 P +2.5% S found to be statistically optimum for tomato in terms of its yield (42.30 ton ha^-1).

Keywords

Phosphorus, Sulphur, Calcareous Soil, Tomato, Yield.

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S. Kirankumar ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹, R. Suma ¹, Ashok S. Alur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An extensive survey was carried out to study the effect of irrigation water on soil sodification, in terms of soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC), in a typical black soil of Karnataka and it was carried out in Mudhol taluka of Bagalkot district. The soil SAR and RSC varied greatly up on different sources of irrigation water. The values of SAR ranged from 0.79 in borewell irrigated soils to 18.43 in lift irrigated soils. Most of the studied soils (131 samples) were found to be safe from sodicity hazard with < 10 SAR values. In terms of RSC of soils ranged from -23.20 meq/l in lift irrigated soils to +11.70 meq/l in dryland soils. Majority of the black soils of Mudhol taluka (70.6 %; 101 samples) were found safe with low RSC values (< 1.25 meq/l) while, 23.8 per cent of the samples recorded higher RSC of > 2.5 meq/l.

Keywords

Black Soil, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Lift Irrigation, Sodicity Hazard.

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K. M. Shivakumar ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An investigation was carried out to study the micronutrients status in soils of chilli grown areas of UKP command at College of Agriculture, Raichur, during the year 2006-07. The concentration of iron and manganese in soil samples collected before the crop season ranged from 3.95 to 4.95 ppm and 23.03 to 25.87 ppm, respectively and their concentration increased after the harvest of the crop. Similarly, the soil samples of experimental sites recorded moderate levels of micronutrients did not vary significantly but the soil supplemented with organic manures (Category-2 and category-4) recorded higher levels of micronutrients compared to no organic manure added chilli cultivated soil samples (Category-3).

Keywords

Nutrient Management Practices, DTPA Extractable Micronutrients, Command Area, Chilli, Soil Fertility.

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G. V. Prabhakara Reddy ¹, C. A. Srinivasamurthy ², B. G. Vasanthi ³, M. S. Nagaraja ²

Affiliations
1 Nokia L and C, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences (G.K.V.K.), Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Physically degraded lands are characterized with high graveliness and low nutrient status resulting in sparse vegetation hence, external supplementation of nutrients is essential for successful vegetation establishment. The soil pH and EC was similar to that of normal soil in degraded lands. However, the organic carbon and nutrient status were low in wastelands with higher BD of 1.62 gcc^-1. The evaluation of different organic wastes such as paper mill sludge, sugar mill sludge, distillery sludge and municipal sludge along with FYM as a nutrient source for degraded lands reveled that N and P content was highest in sugar mill sludge followed by municipal sludge while K content and secondary nutrients such as calcium and sulphur were found highest in distillery sludge. In case of micro nutrients high levels of Fe (1550 ppm) and Mn (407 ppm) was observed in paper mill and sugar mill sludge, respectively. The Zn (2329 ppm) and Cu (448.4 ppm) were recorded in municipal sludge. The different organic sources were rated as sugar mill sludge, municipal sludge, distillery sludge, FYM, paper mill sludge.

Keywords

Degraded Lands, Organic Sludges, Nutrient Sources.

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T. S. Punith Raj ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ², Prabhudev Dhumgond ¹, Sharanbhoopal Reddy ¹, K. M. Shivakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Horticultural College, Sirasi (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2010-11 in the Hassan district of Karnataka with the objective to study the influence of foliar application of secondary and micro nutrients on yield and quality of tomato. Tomato was grown in plots of 6×3 m² size with nine different treatments in RCBD layout with 3 replications in a red sandy loam soil with slight alkaline pH. The foliar nutrition and soil amendment applications along with NPK fertilizers increased fruit weight significantly. Treatments receiving major nutrients and foliar sprays of secondary and micronutrients (T₂ - 2.34 kg plant^-1 and T₆ - 2.89 kg plant^-1) recorded slightly higher yield compared to T₁ (2.22 kg plant^-1) and T₅ (2.30 kg plant^-1). Treatment combinations of major nutrients, foliar sprays and soil amendment recorded the highest number of flowers and fruits in both UAS package and IIHR technology treatments. The shelf life of tomato increased with foliar spray and amendment applications (12-16 days) compared to major nutrients alone (9-11 days). The fruits from plots receiving all the three combinations recorded significantly higher TSS, acidity and ascorbic acid content. The quality parameters like TSS, ascorbic acid and acidity of tomato fruits in UAS package received plots was of the order T₄ > T₃ > T₂ > T₁. The trend remained similar with IIHR technology (T₈ > T₇ > T₆ > T₅). The plots receiving nutrients as per farmers practice produced lesser number of flowers and fruits. The fruit size and the yield was also lesser. Many of growth and yield parameters were found at par with T₁ and T₅ treatments. It was observed from the current study that the IIHR based treatments with foliar application of secondary and micronutrients and splits of N and K was better for increasing productivity.

Keywords

Foliar Nutrition, Yield, Quality, Tomato.

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T. S. Punith Raj ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ², Prabhudev Dhumgond ¹, Sharan Bhoopal Reddy ¹, K. M. Shivakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, (U.A.S.), Horticultural College, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Hassan and Belur taluks are the major tomato growing areas in the district and hence, this study was restricted to these two talukas. Surface soil samples from a depth of 0-15 cm were collected from 80 tomato-grown plots. Study revealed that the soil pH ranged from neutral to alkaline range (6.9-8.5) while, the electrical conductivity was in the range of 0.05 to 0.95 dS m^-1. The soil organic-C content varied to a large extent 1.3 to 12.8 g kg^-1. The soil organic-C content was low in more than 50 per cent of tomato soils. The available nitrogen content ranged from 205.0 to 376.3 kg ha^-1. More than 70 per cent of tomato fields were found low in nitrogen. In contrast, both available phosphorus and potassium contents were found higher in majority of tomato grown soils. The available phosphorus was found high in almost all soils. Similarly, the available potassium content was higher in 90 per cent plots. None of the tomato grown soils were found lower in calcium while, 9 per cent of the fields recorded magnesium in lower. The available sulfur content was low in almost 68 per cent of tomato soils (5.6 ± 2.5 mg kg^-1) and only 9 per cent of fields recorded higher sulphur content. The DTPA-Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were found higher in 93, 91, 57 and 68 per cent of the tomato grown soils, respectively.

Keywords

Soil Fertility, Tomato, Nutrient Status.

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G. V. Prabhakara Reddy ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ², B. G. Vasanthi ³, C. A. Srinivasamurthy ⁴

Affiliations
1 Navteq, Manjunathnagar, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot (Karnataka), IN
3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hadonahalli (Karnataka), IN
4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences (G.K.V.K.) Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The large quantities of organic wastes (sludges) generated by industries are plant nutrients. Thus in point of national development, safe disposal of these wastes play a major role. On other hand, rising of sapling in forest nursery has been incurred large production cost due to higher nutrient demand. Thus, nutrient rich organic wastes provide an opportunity to utilize them as nutrient source in place of conventional organic manures. In this context, an attempt was made to utilize nutrient rich organic wastes as source of manure in forest nursery. The various organic wastes collected from different sources were analyzed for their nutrient content. The organic wastes were mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 of sand:soil:organic wastes and then filled into polyethylene bags. Two months native saplings of Acacia auriculiformis, Pterocarpus marsupium, Azadirachta indica, Holoptelea integrifolia and Tectona grandis were planted and growth parameters were monitored at monthly interval. The plants growth varied significantly due to application organic wastes at both the level. The growth was influenced by the wastes in the order of distillery sludge > municipal sludge > sugar mill sludge > FYM > paper mill sludge. In general the wastes at higher level recorded higher growth compared to that of lesser rate. Among the different species selected for the study the height (cm), collar diameter (mm) and bigmass (g) was measured in the order-Azadirachta indica > Acacia auriculiformis > Tectona grandis > Holoptelea integrifolia > Pterocarpus marsupium. The overall results suggest that the sewage sludge and agro industrial wastes can be effectively and efficiently used for raising of forest nursery.

Keywords

Organic Wastes, Forest Saplings, Soil Nutrients.

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R. H. Hanumanaikar ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹, K. K. Malshet ¹

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

An attempt was made in this study to know the value orientation of Lambani women towards scientific farming, girls education and family planning and association between value orientation and selected independent variables, considering 200 randomly selected Lambani women in Shirahatti and Ranebennur Talukas of Haveri district. A vast majority of Lambani women had higher value orientation towards scientific farming. Whereas, majority had low value orientation with respect to family planning and girls education. Age, family size and size of land holdings of respondents were significantly associated with the value orientation towards girls education. Cleaning the house, serving food and child care works were done by all the women folk. Except chilli transplanting, all other agriculture operations were performed by women. Embroidery was a major subsidiary work. Collection and selling of forest produce were the important activities among works.

Keywords

Value Orientation, Lambani Women, Farm Activities, Marketing Activities.

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R. H. Hanumanaikar ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹, H. T. Chandranath ¹

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in Yellapur Taluk involving 120 Sidhi farmers. The study revealed that majority of the Sidhi farmers were middle aged (72.50%), illiterate (62.50%), marginal holders (62.50%) had large sized family (62.50%) with medium level of income. Regarding the existing cultivation pattern, it was observed that majority (92.30%) of the local paddy farmers applied only FYM. Chemical fertilizers and plant protection measures were not adopted by most of them.

Keywords

Socio-Economic Profile, Adoption, Paddy, Siddhi Tribal Community Farmers.

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R. H. Hanumanaikar ¹, K. K. Malshet ¹, M. S. Nagaraja ¹

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted during the year 2010 by covering 10 Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s Subject Matter Specialists and Programme Co-ordinators, located at various district of Karnataka State. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (65.71%) were satisfied with the job components like the interest in the extension work followed by 64.29 per cent of the respondents were satisfied with the efforts in implementation extension programmes. The study also showed that majority of the Subject Matter Specialists trainer respondents were satisfied with the various sub-components of team work in the Krishi Vigyan Kendras like, 65.71 per cent with confidence in delegated authority, 57.14 per cent with procedural design to work together and 54.30 per cent with mutual desire to give and take. The study also indicated that all most all the eleven sub-components of job satisfaction, the Subject Matter Specialists trainer respondents had perceived that as they were satisfied.

Keywords

Krishi Vigyan Kendras, Subject Matter, Specialists, Work Environment, People Participation.

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S. V. Halakatti ¹, D. S. M. Gouda ², M. S. Nagaraja ³

Affiliations
1 Extension Education Unit, Agricultural Technology Information Centre University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Engineering, UAS (D), Forestry College, Sirsi (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Extension Education Unit, Agricultural Technology Information Centre University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Among different oilseed crops grown in India sunflower occupies an important position next only to groundnut. In Karnataka Haveri district is one of the important sunflower growing areas. Many front line demonstrations were organized in the district to popularize the improved production technologies among the farming community. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the adoption gaps, economics and constraints encountered by the farmers in Haveri district of Karnataka. The study brought to surface that there were many gaps in adoption of recommended practices and the demonstration plot has recorded higher percentage of B: C ratio.

Keywords

Technology Transfer, Front Line Demonstration, Adoption, Economics and Constraints.

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